The increase in electricity demand, the rapid reduction of fossil fuels, as well as environmental concerns around the world, have led to the expansion of large-scale photovoltaic power plants. Floating solar system is a new design for photovoltaic power plants which are usually installed on freshwaters such as natural lakes or dams. This technology has attracted the wide attention since 2007. Medium and large-scale floating photovoltaic power plants are installed in several countries, such as Japan, South Korea, India and the United States. Considering the advantages of installing these systems, including REDUCING evaporation, using these systems in arid and semiarid areas can be a solution to reduce the water crisis. In this article, a review of the articles on the energy GENERATION of floating photovoltaic systems and their efficiency has been presented. Then, the impact of using the system on REDUCING evaporation and REDUCING greenhouse gas emissions, as well as studying the economic issues of these systems has been studied. The results indicate that the efficiency of floating photovoltaic systems is about 12% higher than ground-mounted photovoltaic systems. Also, these floating systems can reduce surface water evaporation up to 90%.

The modern BioElectrochemical technologies can convert the energy stored in the chemical bonds of biodegradable organic materials to renewable electrical energy through the catalytic reactions of microorganisms while treating the waste waters. The present research was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a single-chamber Bioelectrochemical system with the carbon aerogel catalyst, as a simple and inexpensive method, in removing the corrosive and odorous sulfur compounds from municipal wastewater simultaneously with electricity GENERATION by using indigenous bacterial consortium. The used bacteria were isolated from local lagoon sediments, and the municipal wastewater was used as the substrate. During six months of the Bioelectrochemical cell operation, the sulfate concentration was dropped to a minimum of 63 ± 57. 2 mg/l, indicating the ability of the system to remove 71. 8 % of the sulfate from the municipal wastewater and the production of bioenergy. With a 304 mV Open Circulate voltage, the maximum removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand was 80 % and the maximum power density was 1. 82 mW/m2. Carbon aerogel, as a novel material with suitable absorbance and resistance to oxidation at urban wastewater pH, can be, therefore, coated on electrodes to facilitate the Oxidation Reduction Reactions and electricity transmission. The existence of elemental sulfur in the sediments showed that these systems could be optimized to recover the elemental sulfur from the municipal wastewater.

The emission of pollutants from power plants fueled by fossil resources has perennially contributed to climate pollution. Carbon dioxide emissions, particularly, have been catalysts for global warming and climate upheavals. Governments worldwide are diligently endeavoring to avert these climate shifts by means of multifaceted strategies and policies. To mitigate environmental degradation, the substitution of fossil fuel facilities with renewable energy sources emerges as a commendable solution. This article focuses on the West Mazandaran gas power plant, boasting a nominal capacity of 50 megawatts and an annual output of 0.1 terawatt hours in Mazandaran Province. Through a rigorous evaluation of three distinctive scenarios spanning two phases, namely 1403 and 1405, this facility is eliminated from the energy production cycle and is instead substituted by renewable sources. The energy systems employed in this study are meticulously modeled and analyzed by the ENERGY PLAN software, while the statistical data utilized in this article are derived from the energy balance sheet of Iran. The first scenario entails the replacement of 40 megawatts of wind power, the second scenario embraces the substitution of 31 megawatts of solar power, and the third scenario revolves around augmenting the operational hours of the Black Forest hydroelectric power plant, thereby facilitating the GENERATION of 0.1 terawatt hours of electricity. The project demonstrates several positive outcomes, including a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 60,000 tons, the preservation of the thermal value equivalent to 50 GWh of petroleum products and 130 GWh of natural gas, and a surge in the share of renewable energy production from 12 percent to 14.5 percent. To achieve the noble objective of clean and sustainable energy, meticulous and principled short-term, medium-term, and long-term planning are imperative.

Unprincipled control of population growth was occurred in recent decades, not too distant future our country will face a crisis to reduce the GENERATION and labor shortages. Ayatollah Khamenei warning on various occasions is proof of this statement. The question in this research is that Islamic state in what ways can save society from limiting GENERATION? The author has the opinion that the Islamic government headed by fully qualified jurist, due to appropriate and necessary, imposes new sentences on the issue of proliferation of GENERATION; however, compliance with such a governmental decree is obligatory for all citizens, but in the realization of this objective, cultural practices, supplying couples as well as measures such as promoting the usage culture of rented womb, artificial insemination and the commitment of stipulation is far more efficient than government requirements.

To investigate the effect of temperature and time of blanching process on the GENERATION and extraction of REDUCING sugars and as well on the kinetics of color changes during blanching, potato strips either packaged in the polyethylene (HDPE of 10 micron thickness) films or with no polyethylene coverings, were immersed in distilled water at temperature rates of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90oC for 120 minutes. The results indicated that an increase in the temperature of blanching accelerated the diffusion of REDUCING sugars, but the GENERATION of the sugars decreased with increase in temperature, getting terminated at 80 and 90oC. Increases in temperature and the time of blanching also reduced the colorimetric parameters significantly (P<0.01). Kinetic modeling results showed that the first order kinetic with production rate limiting effect stood at the most conformity with experimental data of REDUCING sugars GENERATION and redness-greenness parameter changes while the extraction of REDUCING sugars and darkness-lightness as well as yellowishness-bluisheness parameter changes followed a first order kinetics.

In this article we will first propose some definitions of GENERATION gap, GENERATION discontinuity, and GENERATION difference, and amongst all of them, the GENERATION gap will be emphasized as a social problem in Iran. Data shows that in both national research projects of 1379 and 1382, there are no significant mean difference between youth and older GENERATION, as far as, the religious values, political values and social values are concerned. In some areas the mean difference among youth and older people have not been much different.

Irregular control of population growth sometimes leads the country to a serious challenge. This problem has been obvious in our current society since recent decades; so that Supreme Leader considers it as a kind of threat in his speech. Is childbearing a nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that? The main question in this study organizes the article. The author in this bibliotheca article which is written by analytical-descriptive method believes that childbearing is beyond the nature pertinence of matrimony or something following that; hence, one of the solutions for this challenge is that parents converse childbearing and the number of children after matrimony to a legal obligation by an espousal addition condition. In order to gain this purpose, simplifying marriage and promoting religious training and obtaining life facilities are inevitable.